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What is article 50?

Article 50 is a provision in the Treaty on European Union that outlines the process for a member state to voluntarily withdraw from the European Union (EU). It was introduced by the Lisbon Treaty, which came into effect in 2009. Article 50 provides a legal framework for a member state to initiate and negotiate its exit, commonly known as Brexit in the case of the United Kingdom (UK).

Key points of Article 50 include:

1. Notification: The member state wishing to leave the EU must formally notify the European Council of its intention to withdraw. This notification triggers the start of the withdrawal process.

2. Negotiation Period: Once the notification is made, there is a negotiation period of up to two years. This period can be extended if agreed upon by the EU and the departing member state. During this time, the EU and the member state negotiate the terms of the withdrawal, including issues such as trade, immigration, and other aspects of the future relationship.

3. Withdrawal Agreement: The negotiated withdrawal agreement, outlining the terms of the departure, must be approved by both the EU and the departing member state. The agreement requires the consent of the European Parliament and the approval of a qualified majority of EU member states. If no agreement is reached within the negotiation period, the departing member state may leave the EU without a deal.

4. Reversibility: While Article 50 allows for a member state to leave the EU, it also allows for the possibility of a member state changing its mind and deciding to remain. However, such a reversal of the withdrawal process would require unanimous agreement from all EU member states.

Article 50 is a significant legal mechanism that has shaped the process of the UK’s departure from the EU, as well as potential future withdrawals by other member states. It provides a structured and orderly framework for managing the complexities of a member state’s exit from the EU.